Linear Systems

A system takes an input signal and produces an output signal. It is called linear when it obeys two rules: homogeneity (scaling the input scales the output by the same amount) and additivity (the response to a sum of inputs equals the sum of the individual responses). This page lets you pick a linear system and different input signals, then compares both sides of each rule so you can see the two properties hold.

Choose a linear system

Every plot below sends its input through the system T you select here, producing the output signal y(t).

1. Homogeneity — if x(t) → y(t), then a·x(t) → a·y(t)

Scale the input by a factor a before the system, or scale the output by a after the system — a linear system gives the same result either way. Pick an input signal and drag the slider to change a.

Scale a
2.0
Original — x(t)
Input
Output
Scaled — a·x(t)
Input
Output — both paths
2. Additivity — if x₁ → y₁ and x₂ → y₂, then x₁+x₂ → y₁+y₂

Add two signals before the system, or send each one through separately and add the outputs — a linear system gives the same result either way. Pick the two input signals to combine.

Input 1 — x₁(t)
Input
Output
Input 2 — x₂(t)
Input
Output
Sum — x₁+x₂
Input
Output — both paths